tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-14497439431795451592024-03-04T23:55:50.842-08:00Background to Miniature PortraitsThis is part of the Artists and Ancestors collection of miniature portraits. For the start page click on Home.Don Sheltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01981381449429373197noreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1449743943179545159.post-39404256451489970052007-12-14T11:56:00.001-08:002009-03-25T14:39:24.518-07:00Copy, Fake, and Decorative Miniatures<span style="font-weight: bold;">Original and Decorative Miniatures</span><br />This collection focuses on original miniatures and, apart from some illustrative examples, tends to exclude those produced as decorative items. Nevertheless, some copies by famous artists such as Henry Pierce Bone, have become important items over time. Other decorative items are very collectible in their own right.<br /><br />Original miniatures, where someone sat for the portrait and both the sitter and the artist are known, are preferred for this collection. They probably represent only one or two in every hundred miniatures offered for sale in marketplaces such as on-line auctions.<br /><br />Most original miniatures, being say, one third of all miniatures on offer for sale at public or on-line auctions, are either unsigned or the sitter is unknown. However, the proportion identified will be higher at the dedicated portrait miniature auctions held by a few major auction houses and by specialist dealers in miniatures .<br /><br />In the experience of this collector, the other two-thirds of miniatures seen for sale at on-line auctions or by bric-a-brac type antique dealers, are decorative copies. Copies of miniatures fall into several main categories.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Copies by the Original Artist</span><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%201106%20Charles%20Foot%20Tayler%201820.4.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%201106%20Charles%20Foot%20Tayler%201820.4.jpg" border="0" /><br /></a><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%201187%20tayler%20also%20ds1106.2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%201187%20tayler%20also%20ds1106.2.jpg" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>These are where the original artist made several identical copies of a miniature, for example for different members of a family.<br /><br />It is unusual to find these examples, but they do exist and shown here are two portraits by Charles Foot Tayler, both signed "C F Tayler 1820". One of these was acquired from California, USA and the other from Kent, UK. Thus it was nice to reunite them. These duplicates may have been painted at the same time or perhaps one several years later.<br /><br />Even today there are artists painting modern miniature portraits for clients, although they are often much more expensive than the majority of antique miniatures.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Official Copies by Important Artists</span><br />Often copies of known portraits were requested from listed artists. Sometimes these were noted as copies, but generally without any intention to deceive.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwONgJ6ch1Vy4NmetyBK3uO99i4WedtNvpTZfhJ7-vDHePHia-5O1eMIPQmurjF0Ad3yKcsQy9RuGmiQwBb7paoNxcyhCZ-x32mgnUfOn3oSn2pnPkCZUwEg6bL4-VCUNQ6NkrmVeNsGrf/s1600-h/ds+240+HP+Bone+-+Byron.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwONgJ6ch1Vy4NmetyBK3uO99i4WedtNvpTZfhJ7-vDHePHia-5O1eMIPQmurjF0Ad3yKcsQy9RuGmiQwBb7paoNxcyhCZ-x32mgnUfOn3oSn2pnPkCZUwEg6bL4-VCUNQ6NkrmVeNsGrf/s320/ds+240+HP+Bone+-+Byron.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5107322467464020466" border="0" /></a>Even in this category of copies, there are some very expensive miniatures. In the 18C and 19C some very famous artists, such as Henry Bone and his son Henry Pierce Bone, painted very fine miniature copies on enamel of large portraits and these now sell for very high prices.<br /><br />The example shown here is a miniature in enamel of the poet Lord Byron by Henry Pierce Bone. It is a miniature copy of a famous large oil of Byron.<br /><br />Also from the time of the earliest miniatures, it was often practice for royalty to have multiple copies of miniatures painted for presentation to foreign ambassadors.<br /><br />Artists such as Anton Freidrich Konig and Juda Pinhas made many miniature copies of large oil portraits of Frederick the Great by other artists for this purpose.<br /><br />Elsewhere in this collection there is just such a miniature by Pinhas, of Frederick the Great. See <a href="http://european-miniatures2.blogspot.com/2006/04/konig-anton-friedrich-portrait-of.html" class="l" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','cres','1','')">European Miniature Portraits - 2: <b>Pinhas</b>, Jude Low - portrait of <b>...</b></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8S1g0gj3jM_XrI3b_fREvYq9Z-Uwu5sZTJfNS9OAAcYzCUoAsa-ogMiBCw0AgWGtuksJTulGxty6LVot3eJrmxiipJRzCPvzdKPkpK1V0Y9gM0TFFqfX4_ziRyE-zkNwAduI0j37Yr0ks/s1600-h/ds+113+fake2.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5034839194380300690" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8S1g0gj3jM_XrI3b_fREvYq9Z-Uwu5sZTJfNS9OAAcYzCUoAsa-ogMiBCw0AgWGtuksJTulGxty6LVot3eJrmxiipJRzCPvzdKPkpK1V0Y9gM0TFFqfX4_ziRyE-zkNwAduI0j37Yr0ks/s320/ds+113+fake2.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkw-X5upNaFmtxvJzuDUq8WgXt6JefNm13sOOyEyH3X29F_X0nYiE4bTGrL7n7KQXQKq6gPxtLFDykKqxb-si5JFoB7jVaS_uPK4DN9pWIYS3OmwGnapxWhYKMHyDL_on5oN4yZLHnBeny/s1600-h/ds+113+fake1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5034839194380300674" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkw-X5upNaFmtxvJzuDUq8WgXt6JefNm13sOOyEyH3X29F_X0nYiE4bTGrL7n7KQXQKq6gPxtLFDykKqxb-si5JFoB7jVaS_uPK4DN9pWIYS3OmwGnapxWhYKMHyDL_on5oN4yZLHnBeny/s320/ds+113+fake1.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Miniature copies like these can be found. The one shown here is expertly painted and has a faint signature of "E Miles", who was active in St Petersburg, Russia from 1797-1806 where he was Court Painter to the Tsar.<br /><br />The sitter is Grand Princess Alexandra Pavlovna (1783-1801), who was daughter of Tzar Paul I (1754-1801) wearing the red sash of the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Catherine, which was conferred to every Russian Grand Duchess upon her christening (or upon her marriage into the Romanov family).<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpaikKAI6IQxqZ45OQzP5Sy02we6zaUc88DSmdwbdX1U-wSBkS9L6-bbcEI9i2VeVUU2n0uFl6x-wXZTu0FvN3lBbFpioSgWzbfvyy5KpEyK37ln8XH96Fe54WhDlbDMYUttZXp3QRfvuL/s1600-h/miniatures-miles1.JPG"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpaikKAI6IQxqZ45OQzP5Sy02we6zaUc88DSmdwbdX1U-wSBkS9L6-bbcEI9i2VeVUU2n0uFl6x-wXZTu0FvN3lBbFpioSgWzbfvyy5KpEyK37ln8XH96Fe54WhDlbDMYUttZXp3QRfvuL/s320/miniatures-miles1.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5208896562082840994" border="0" /></a>The original painted in 1797 and a shown here, is in the State Russian Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow and is attributed to Miles. It looks identical to the version in this collection, apart from the style of the frame.<br /><br />The frame of the one in this collection is tortoiseshell expensively inlaid with gold, mother-of-pearl, and abalone. Thus it is possible that it is an official copy made to give to a member of the Court, as the combined miniature and frame would have been very expensive.<br /><br />The doubt about this being by Miles, is that he did not normally sign his work and the frame style here seems to be somewhat later than the date of the original. However, it is still by a very good artist and is very similar to Miles' work. So much time and skill was required to make a copy of this standard, that it was usually not worth the effort of a faker to do so.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifkJnl76XqSoC-zqVi0h6hKZupnk9N3skjzZEdEDmYOm7jSBhKI5e6ApCnNZfGxfmyV1e_RlU86gqmws_SfwDqOCkCEqZB5bb2zQGTKJ5yqGTWE6ZnINavR_4L1nEKOvHeSDHqOVOGEOJP/s1600-h/ds+113c+dec.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5034839198675268002" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifkJnl76XqSoC-zqVi0h6hKZupnk9N3skjzZEdEDmYOm7jSBhKI5e6ApCnNZfGxfmyV1e_RlU86gqmws_SfwDqOCkCEqZB5bb2zQGTKJ5yqGTWE6ZnINavR_4L1nEKOvHeSDHqOVOGEOJP/s320/ds+113c+dec.jpg" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">Fakes and Decorative Copies</span><br />By far the most common, are the decorative copies often mass produced in the late 19C and early 20C.<br /><br />Studios were set up especially in France and Germany and hundreds, if not thousands, of copies of a single famous miniature, or miniatures based on 18C and 19C engravings, would emerge from a variety of these studios which were more like factories. The quality of these copies varies enormously.<br /><br />The best examples such as the one here of Madame Pompadour were very well painted and deserve to be collected in their own right.<br /><br />They were generally on ivory, but cheaper versions were simply printed on celluloid, sometimes with limited over-painting of the highlights, often in opaque white. Close examination of these readily shows their poor quality.<br /><br />They often had a fake signature of a famous artist added. These are usually easy to spot due to the lack of quality which does not match that of the named artist. Separately, there are copies of better known miniatures, which appear to have been painted by students learning to paint.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTjRlJ04J6KcPMmeDrelTTbYw_up5uXbeHZx8aL3_k0WUCIe6FZp4eN151Huo-oPLFTL64SrWWjRUp6FK7oVZt0tCy00wnF5rhdOd4dY0GF1JR9DeoFssZm25pBsQRzsL5GcqcmMlQsq-t/s1600-h/ds+661b+cupids.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5034843656851321282" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTjRlJ04J6KcPMmeDrelTTbYw_up5uXbeHZx8aL3_k0WUCIe6FZp4eN151Huo-oPLFTL64SrWWjRUp6FK7oVZt0tCy00wnF5rhdOd4dY0GF1JR9DeoFssZm25pBsQRzsL5GcqcmMlQsq-t/s320/ds+661b+cupids.jpg" border="0" /></a>Decorative miniatures may have the purported signature of the original artist, be unsigned, or have a deliberately wrongly spelled name of a famous artist of an earlier period, such as Cobway for Cosway. Names like Stieler, Nattier, Cosway, Smart, and Isabey or variations upon their names are commonly found.<br /><br />Often they are copied from old engravings and so the colours may be different to the originals and the images can be reversed.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9WZnAidCPqzLtEk-3Kbd3vMVfqeAfH0BimzMW-mCeClj2ZuE0vy4udRqb7LcFkncLXvZhEF9Hohhyphenhyphenk1rUqBRnWVG8A4R3tb53DNN2337Ir3kceL43ZEBhYWymk2eUdg9AG0MWFeqB_Bu4/s1600-h/ds+661a+cupid.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5034843656851321266" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9WZnAidCPqzLtEk-3Kbd3vMVfqeAfH0BimzMW-mCeClj2ZuE0vy4udRqb7LcFkncLXvZhEF9Hohhyphenhyphenk1rUqBRnWVG8A4R3tb53DNN2337Ir3kceL43ZEBhYWymk2eUdg9AG0MWFeqB_Bu4/s320/ds+661a+cupid.jpg" border="0" /></a>Many have frames that when looked at, can be seen to have been made of old piano keys pieced together. Some have very ornate pierced frames.<br /><br />Others have pages of old books covering the reverse to give a false impression of great age.<br /><br />Some decorative miniatures were not traditional portraits and shown here are two charming decorative miniatures of cupids.<br /><br />One shows the cupids forging an arrow in a fire and the second shows that the arrow has successfully hit its target, a heart. This symbolises a common purpose of a miniature portrait, as a romantic gift to a lover.<br /><br />For more examples of Fakes and Decorative miniatures, including a large selection of the various types of frames used for early 20C decorative miniatures, see <a target="_blank" class="link" href="http://new-additions.blogspot.com/2008/04/fakes-and-decorative-miniatures.html">View</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Modern Decorative Miniatures</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdz8NpBIsopx1ZMCFVMB7y0py8M1lwjAwNNUZgO9W0NslfbCKqW-2ZvO8p2XTJ2BWNdb22ZpJ9P_cWNjRAWgFFwhttMZUCtGJCRj3UJl8-xBV-vFM9r5uyWgwl0wPN2vXZCK3LMEE2DTwu/s1600-h/ds+1266+alexandra.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdz8NpBIsopx1ZMCFVMB7y0py8M1lwjAwNNUZgO9W0NslfbCKqW-2ZvO8p2XTJ2BWNdb22ZpJ9P_cWNjRAWgFFwhttMZUCtGJCRj3UJl8-xBV-vFM9r5uyWgwl0wPN2vXZCK3LMEE2DTwu/s320/ds+1266+alexandra.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5113867333941396818" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw1PGmsBRggEtWxhIfpSrR4qqSJ-o7TacndD_0FO6wAf7behQrG95K64VBFYrtG-CqElFvnTQQ0rlnasbv6fBnQhRBQ4FGFrhil8T_8yEPj-X0Cx-YmsDceex1-gMT4MnfPjWlJe3dzXg1/s1600-h/ds+1052+nicholas2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw1PGmsBRggEtWxhIfpSrR4qqSJ-o7TacndD_0FO6wAf7behQrG95K64VBFYrtG-CqElFvnTQQ0rlnasbv6fBnQhRBQ4FGFrhil8T_8yEPj-X0Cx-YmsDceex1-gMT4MnfPjWlJe3dzXg1/s320/ds+1052+nicholas2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5106872140143034754" border="0" /></a>Decorative miniatures are still being painted and some of them are of a very high standard. Shown here are four Russian miniatures painted since 2000. They are of Tsar Nicholas II and his wife Alexandra, together with two of his children, Grand Duchess Tatania amd Grand Duchess Anastasia.<br /><br />This type of miniature is called Fedoskino or Palekh miniatures, after the Russian villages where many are still painted using lacquer on a papier-mache base. For more about them see <a href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artrusse.ca%2Ffedoskino_en.htm&ei=70LfRqDMM5e6hAKb3OnkAg&usg=AFQjCNHNUeSZ4gi8zfZANAhteFTsE4oTgg&sig2=CqTlt5swNx975gCvgZvbtg" class="l" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','res','1','AFQjCNHNUeSZ4gi8zfZANAhteFTsE4oTgg','&sig2=CqTlt5swNx975gCvgZvbtg')"><b>Russian</b> lacquer <b>miniature</b> - Fedoskino</a> These can be purchased relatively inexpensively and would make a great basis for a collection for anyone interested in collecting miniature art, but with a tight limit on the amount of money they can spend.<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdc2pmqa446P2z_aZRu9_6OlR3Sis5C4PbYM2P2KfNIP-qOf6aBUw6b8KszwcCqNi37EvjN5wd6dx32ZQeOQ5Erz3hlARRISBU8l977Tp01myCThGcKN4S7DJabvsDLk19v6-bMUiffe5Q/s1600-h/ds+1063+anastasia.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdc2pmqa446P2z_aZRu9_6OlR3Sis5C4PbYM2P2KfNIP-qOf6aBUw6b8KszwcCqNi37EvjN5wd6dx32ZQeOQ5Erz3hlARRISBU8l977Tp01myCThGcKN4S7DJabvsDLk19v6-bMUiffe5Q/s320/ds+1063+anastasia.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5106872144438002066" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_WKyfBL2fD7YRAPsJD0DFnJ_qeMX_DegGIu9x1mNcJNEwfZa1tP4Z5dmkWd0EgAySvCd4u-or2MWE6w3AmNqsPdUiMBc9wesTbrWQEAWGqQD1dvfl48LDyciTVW7HtyevGGzf8Bo38cN5/s1600-h/ds+1267+tatania.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_WKyfBL2fD7YRAPsJD0DFnJ_qeMX_DegGIu9x1mNcJNEwfZa1tP4Z5dmkWd0EgAySvCd4u-or2MWE6w3AmNqsPdUiMBc9wesTbrWQEAWGqQD1dvfl48LDyciTVW7HtyevGGzf8Bo38cN5/s320/ds+1267+tatania.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5113867385481004386" border="0" /></a>Miniatures by Fedoskino artists can provide a means of forming an attractive and inexpensive collection, and in doing so provide an insight into the times and events associated with the originals.Don Sheltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01981381449429373197noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1449743943179545159.post-77171701454119036422007-12-14T11:54:00.000-08:002008-05-23T11:43:25.536-07:00Miniatures and the Photograph<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilTIB7LKUldRgoORVGUK37U6SnLmOZDifrrairfihtiai91yYS0LeiYSok-YzeT9W9mHjada3cielXvMWQh46rK1SziMJ2EqS52FopU3UWU0O_I8Bx4k3fdoB6T1c1hLTL3HGOo-nJo6US/s1600-h/ds+396+photo.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilTIB7LKUldRgoORVGUK37U6SnLmOZDifrrairfihtiai91yYS0LeiYSok-YzeT9W9mHjada3cielXvMWQh46rK1SziMJ2EqS52FopU3UWU0O_I8Bx4k3fdoB6T1c1hLTL3HGOo-nJo6US/s320/ds+396+photo.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5106831299299017074" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">Daguerreotypes</span><br />During the 19C the popularity of the miniature portrait was eroded by the invention of photography and its rapid spread after 1840, firstly as daguerreoptypes and later in other formats as they were introduced. The advantage of a photograph was that it was much quicker and cheaper than a painted miniature portrait.<br /><br />This led to various ways in which the two skills over-lapped. At first glance this portrait of a lady looks like a painted miniature, but by reference to the extreme top and bottom left, one can see it is actually a photograph, which has been hand coloured with water-colour. Some early daguerreotypes were also hand tinted.<br /><br />As an indication of the strength of the competition from photography, one daguerreotypist and photographer, Henry Pollock of Baltimore, stated that he made 5500 likenesses per year. By comparison few miniature painters would exceed 100 miniatures per year.<br /><br />One obvious disadvantage of the photograph was that colour was not available. The other major disadvantage did not become obvious immediately. That was that photographs were even more susceptible to fading than were miniatures. Thus some painters with wealthy clients were able to persevere. However even the best of these artists, such as John Henry Brown, tended to adapt their style of painting to make each of their miniatures look like a photograph.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Casework</span><br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/2282/2644/1600/ds%20mourning.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/2282/2644/320/ds%20mourning.jpg" border="0" /></a>There was no clear division in the date of choice between of painting and photography and even the type of framing used was blurred in its use. For example, shown here in American cases more often used for painted miniature portraits, are front and rear views of locket cases containing hair and/or photographs.<br /><br />The top three have only hair, with the centre one engraved on the reverse "Eliza Ann Alexander". It is possible that this hair locket commemorates the birth of the Eliza Ann Alexander, who was born 23 August 1835. However, it may also refer to the death of a lady of this name. The rest have photographs of varying types.<br /><br />In the late 19C and early 20C there was a revival in painted miniature portraits. This was due in part to the realisation that, as can be seen from these examples, the durability of photographs was not as good as that of paintings.<br /><br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/2282/2644/1600/ds%20mourningb.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/2282/2644/320/ds%20mourningb.jpg" border="0" /></a>This revival was also a by-product of the arts and crafts movement of the late 19C early 20C, itself the result of a desire by artistic sections of the community, to reject manufactured products and return to the skill of the craftsman. Although a few purists discount the importance of these portraits, some of the artists were very skilled.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Painted Miniatures with a Photographic Base </span><br />One other area that causes some confusion, is the status of miniature portraits which may be painted over a photographic base as in some instances, miniature painters used a light photographic base for the miniature.<br /><br />Other painters copied photographs. In the late 19C and early 20C many photographs were sent from the United States to France, Germany, and possibly Italy, to be copied as painted miniatures on ivory or porcelain. The Eckardt family in Dresden was particularly involved with this and there are several examples by them in this collection, including this one of a child.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3pF1oLXmB-6rIRrDrW6poFpjho07MWXhGaQOfWqEvc75EQMWvzoz0CCezEVy2IfwbosEryEjs6ntNU7D5wQBNDSUrvZTOHFFn9r589RBB9f-OHg7B8mHoMofVCZcEg62sLWOIBNIrLJUs/s1600-h/ds+965+A+L+Eckardt.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3pF1oLXmB-6rIRrDrW6poFpjho07MWXhGaQOfWqEvc75EQMWvzoz0CCezEVy2IfwbosEryEjs6ntNU7D5wQBNDSUrvZTOHFFn9r589RBB9f-OHg7B8mHoMofVCZcEg62sLWOIBNIrLJUs/s320/ds+965+A+L+Eckardt.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5125796510426341714" border="0" /></a>Evidence of this practice is found in the Spring/Summer 2006 edition of the NYHS Journal which comments on the Peter Marie Collection of Miniatures and in particular a contemporary view expressed in 1903 that <a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger2/7243/3657/1600/ds%20698%20Otto%20Eckardt.jpg"></a>"some of the miniatures did not even qualify as art, as they were not originals but paintings copied in Europe from photographs taken in the United States."<br /><br />Such a narrow view is no longer valid, as these days it would preclude photographs and limited edition prints from being regarded as art forms. Nevertheless, some collectors spurn these items, but in this collection the use of aids to drawing is not a barrier to inclusion. This is because from the earliest times artists have used drawing aids, whether squaring, tracing paper, erasers, or even projected images in the case of silhouettes.<br /><br />Thus the criterion for inclusion here is primarily the quality of the miniature painting itself. In fact portraits with a photographic base are themselves collected as a part of the history of photography, see an excellent article by Merwyn Ruggles at at <a class="l" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')" href="http://aic.stanford.edu/jaic/articles/jaic24-02-004_indx.html">JAIC 1985, Volume 24, Number 2, Article 4 (pp. 92 to 103)</a> People interested in seeing an excellent collection of Victorian and Edwardian portrait photographs should visit <span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://www.rogerco.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/" class="l" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','res','11','__rDM6beV2QDxHu3xSlxg3gOOo7dE=','&sig2=Kyp50GORUmNrwOm2I63CRQ')">Victorian and Edwardian Photographs - Roger Vaughan Personal Photo <b>...</b></a></span><p></p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6vJnltVGbz6BF53ra8emioF9c77kufBMaDYuDgoXdJNGOLWmt5b99Q9sVaDLi2R58sWxF0NSP2WbQTiBE3eiNmgp0Jm0xZ-GxvuOli7yrmCCOu2d0mCvALvrsqhJmG27pdxvPGtzueqL0/s1600-h/case.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5036713035589937250" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6vJnltVGbz6BF53ra8emioF9c77kufBMaDYuDgoXdJNGOLWmt5b99Q9sVaDLi2R58sWxF0NSP2WbQTiBE3eiNmgp0Jm0xZ-GxvuOli7yrmCCOu2d0mCvALvrsqhJmG27pdxvPGtzueqL0/s320/case.jpg" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">Other Forms of Competition</span><br />In the 19C there were various attempts to seek other substitutes for preserving photographs. One of the most unusual was called Photo-Miniature. It involved using chemicals to remove the paper backing from a photograph and floating the resultant very thin photographic film onto the rear of a similar shaped convex oval glass.<br /></p><p><br />The image was dried and then reverse painted, before using a further convex oval glass of identical size and shape to cover the rear of the painting. The final form then being a glass sandwich with the reverse painted photographic film in the middle. </p><p> Only two examples of this have ever been noted by this collector, one of them being a demonstration example included in a comprehensive box of chemicals and paints above which forms part of this collection. Two stages of the example can be seen fixed to the inside lid in the picture here. The paint box was specifically marketed for the purpose by Bourgeois Aine of Paris.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1cq0v9hCkO_pgQIStMDDqOcadHceux4rq71uftKaoF0jKPz4yTjaj4ESzEIt9oXf6z6rK2tR9eJDj8RarApOn0H58wcnHQ-FMKR5anbX5PkRfB9J3Go_MYz2JPdN2CM81FtWPvbWkaW6T/s1600-h/ds+310+Deroche.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5036360677954974482" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1cq0v9hCkO_pgQIStMDDqOcadHceux4rq71uftKaoF0jKPz4yTjaj4ESzEIt9oXf6z6rK2tR9eJDj8RarApOn0H58wcnHQ-FMKR5anbX5PkRfB9J3Go_MYz2JPdN2CM81FtWPvbWkaW6T/s200/ds+310+Deroche.jpg" border="0" /></a> Another form of miniature on a photographic base was used, for example by a French photographer called Mathieu Deroche, in the late 19C and early 20C. <br /><br />This involved developing the photographic image on an enamel on copper blank, usually oval shaped. Then hand colouring the image and firing it in a kiln after the application of a top protective glaze, as with the portrait of a child shown here. <br /><br />For more about the process see <a class="l" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'res','2','')" href="http://www.enamellers.nl/tech42.php?a=enamel_photography">Beschrijving van diverse technieken - VNE - Vereniging van ...</a> </p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAHLo4J-RS_B_-5PAg2UV_ueVZIj0_o56xPfmYoLpSRsGodW5E5ToaWxwOj22zFd5KoFopXVCp0hhgV69QGfkQNb2GPLKa9K7u_kebsADVycNf5xXMcV5JjvVX_qWlfWGb64Y2_sQ6cz4N/s1600-h/ds+1211+deroche.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5040114622449689554" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAHLo4J-RS_B_-5PAg2UV_ueVZIj0_o56xPfmYoLpSRsGodW5E5ToaWxwOj22zFd5KoFopXVCp0hhgV69QGfkQNb2GPLKa9K7u_kebsADVycNf5xXMcV5JjvVX_qWlfWGb64Y2_sQ6cz4N/s200/ds+1211+deroche.jpg" border="0" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9n0FYwu_nzL6g97PbWDeNQ_cxeZ8whwQ7Pe4PxKZiom-1NCCgdhq4CTdTY2U6z0IPyy3dJBVUPhf5ms64keZ9as6L5vGGWQR99m3oKLc9HW3fGo-QoD4yQVzMk9NmgA8f2M4rEi1aCx3N/s1600-h/ds+1211cdv.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5040114622449689570" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9n0FYwu_nzL6g97PbWDeNQ_cxeZ8whwQ7Pe4PxKZiom-1NCCgdhq4CTdTY2U6z0IPyy3dJBVUPhf5ms64keZ9as6L5vGGWQR99m3oKLc9HW3fGo-QoD4yQVzMk9NmgA8f2M4rEi1aCx3N/s200/ds+1211cdv.jpg" border="0" /></a>The permanence of the process can be seen with these two photographic portraits of a currently unidentified British Army Officer taken before 1880 (as after that date rank badges were worn on the shoulder, instead of the collar). <br /><br />One is a hand-coloured photograph taken by the famous firm of London photographers Elliott & Fry sometime after 1864, the year they were founded. <br /><br />The other is the same photograph on an enamel plaque, glazed, and then fired by Deroche. This example has no hand colouring and the condition is perfect (the white at the bottom is scanner glare).<br /><br />The technique used by Deroche provided a permanent coloured image, something not possible with 19C photographs. Works by Deroche are very collectible and come on the market relatively often. There are several in this collection. The best ones can command quite high prices and a very nice one was seen to change hands for well over USD 1000. </p><p>A similar technique is still in use in some countries for the photographic portraits that may be seen on graves.</p>Don Sheltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01981381449429373197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1449743943179545159.post-11052524644497154242007-12-14T11:53:00.000-08:002007-12-14T11:54:20.983-08:00Focus of the Collection<a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20114%20cherub.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/320/ds%20114%20cherub.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20114%20close.0.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%20114%20close.jpg" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">Traditional Miniature Collections</span><br />Although decorative miniatures are generally outside the scope of the collection, one has been shown here to illustrate the use of a miniature portrait, as a love token. The cherub is holding an arrow and a miniature portrait in a rectangular frame.<br /><br />Traditionally, the best miniature collections are formed by seeking examples of 16C and 17C miniatures by the top British and European artists and then accepting into such collections, representative examples of the very best 18c and 19C artists from Britain and Europe.<br /><br />By its nature, that method of collecting is very expensive as, on the one hand, 16C and 17C miniatures are scarce, many already being in museums and on the other hand, their scarcity makes them very expensive. Thus they tend to be the preserve of very wealthy collectors.<br /><br />Nevertheless, if you are seeking more information on the very early history of miniatures see <a href="http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/paintings/miniatures/miniatures/index.html" class="external text" title="http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/paintings/miniatures/miniatures/index.html" rel="nofollow">The Origin of the Portrait Miniature</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_miniature" class="l" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','res','1','AFQjCNETKiENz_d5EmJHgNKqiuUAwY1R_Q','&sig2=8FV-OuzqG34tidJPKSrCFg')">Portrait miniature - <b>Wikipedia</b>, the free encyclopedia,</a> also <a class="l" onmousedown="return clk('http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1:84209172/~A~quot%3BSurrounded+with+Brilliants~A~quot%3B~C~+Miniature+.html?refid=ency_botnm','','','res','12','')" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1:84209172/%7EA%7Equot;Surrounded+with+Brilliants%7EA%7Equot;%7EC%7E+Miniature+.html?refid=ency_botnm">"Surrounded with Brilliants": Miniature portraits in Eighteenth ...</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Focus of this Collection</span><br />This collection has been formed from the opposite direction, noting that the early 20C artists are now as far removed from us, as some more famous artists: Cosway, Plimer, and Engleheart, were to Dr Williamson when he wrote their biographies 100 years ago.<br /><br />The focus is in two less popular areas; American miniatures and 20C miniatures. Accordingly, American and 20C miniatures are the prime interest, with examples of earlier British and European miniatures being acquired only if they represent advantageous buying.<br /><br />Thus the exhibition does not represent the rarest of early portrait miniatures. These can range upward in value from $50,000 to $200,000, or even more, the record being over $1,000,000. As such they are unlikely to be found by the average collector.<br /><br />Instead this exhibition displays the type of miniatures the average collector is much more likely to come across and aims to spread knowledge of lesser known artists. As time passes, there is an increasing emphasis on named sitters. This enables a sitter to be researched and information about them made available for visitors interested in genealogical research.<br /><br />Also included are examples from countries of origin not usually encountered, such as Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Australia, and Canada. There is a wide range of portrait miniatures from America, Britain, and Europe. They were painted during the period from around 1700 up to the time of World War II.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Rarity, Uniqueness, and History</span><br />Miniature portraits are each unique artworks which are rarely displayed outside major art museums. Despite the "affordable" focus of this collection, there are miniatures by artists whose work is displayed in the major art museums and collections around the world, including the Smithsonian, the Louvre, the Hermitage, the Metropolitan, the Victoria and Albert, the British and Dutch Royal Collections, and various National Portrait Galleries such as the United States, England, and Scotland. Such major art museum representation would be impossible for a private collector to achieve when collecting in any other branch of original art and makes miniature collecting special.<br /><br />The books listed in the comprehensive <a href="http://portrait-miniature.blogspot.com/2006/04/bibliography.html">Bibliography</a> include many books detailing the history of miniatures. Many miniatures held hair of a loved one and there is a good discussion on sentimental jewelry by Davida Tenenbaum Deutsch in The Magazine Antiques for April 1999, see <a href="http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1026/is_4_155/ai_54370842">Jewelry for mourning, love, and fancy, 1770-1830</a> Much of Deutsch's own portrait miniature collection is illustrated in the book "Love and Loss" by Robin Jaffe Frank.<p></p>Don Sheltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01981381449429373197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1449743943179545159.post-90228401335381175362007-12-14T11:44:00.000-08:002008-01-04T15:28:09.916-08:00Recent Additions and CommentSince late 2005 there has been an attempt to gradually improve the average quality and interest of items in the collection. This will be an ongoing process, but is difficult for a casual visitor to discern.<br /><br />Thus separate galleries have been created which show additions to the collection. Generally, the miniatures added are replacement items for those which have been disposed of.<br /><br />As such, it is a convenient way of showing additions for repeat visitors to the collection.<br /><br />Miniatures added since December 2005 can thus be seen at;<br /><br /><a href="http://www.new-additions.blogspot.com/">2008 Additions and Comment</a><br /><a href="http://recent-additions.blogspot.com/">2007 Additions and Comment</a><br /><a href="http://www.new-comment.blogspot.com/">2006 Additions and Comment</a><br /><br />These galleries also include commentary on market place news associated with miniature portraits, often concerning miniatures sold at public auction to other collectors.Don Sheltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01981381449429373197noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1449743943179545159.post-90592278157235280592007-12-14T11:43:00.000-08:002008-05-07T15:26:29.405-07:00Guest GalleryThis gallery has been opened to display images of quality portrait miniatures submitted by private owners of limited numbers of miniatures who wish to share their images and help enhance the exhibition as a reference collection of privately owned miniatures.<br /><br />It therefore represents an opportunity for private owners to display miniatures that would otherwise never be seen by the public and also to invite answers to any research questions about the miniatures. <p>Several owners have now submitted portraits. Most recently, a Dutch collector has submitted some fine European items. A New Zealand collector is showing is a family group from London, England which is still being researched. From a collector in Chile is a very interesting group associated with the artist Antonio Meucci. An American owner has sent a portrait believed to be by Raphaelle Peale.</p>Additionally, owners of more substantial numbers of miniatures can have a free exhibition in a dedicated Gallery, such as <a href="http://www.afrenchcollection.blogspot.com/">Une Collection Francaise</a> which shows a selection from a French collector's collection of 18C and early 19C French miniatures.<br /><br />Other items for display are welcome and the owner's name and contact address will not be displayed unless it is requested. There is no charge associated with submission of a miniature portrait. An email containing images and any known details about the portrait is all that is necessary. Click on About Me for my email address to send them to. <p>The Guest Gallery is available to view at <a href="http://guest-gallery.blogspot.com/">Guest Gallery</a></p>Don Sheltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01981381449429373197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1449743943179545159.post-8682484203137143522007-12-14T11:41:00.001-08:002008-01-31T12:57:48.957-08:00History of the Collection<span style="font-weight: bold;">Fragility of Human History</span><br />There are portraits of 800 individuals in the collection and on average, each of the portraits was painted around 150-180 years ago. Thus, in a cumulative sense, the sum of the individual ages of the portraits represents 120,000-150,000 years of human history! Although, it may appear meaningless in itself, this figure does give a sense of the how much history is involved, as most sitters are ancestors of people alive today. Note also that 140,000 years is what many anthropologists regard as the length of time since our descent from Mitochondrial Eve, the common ancestor of modern man, see <a href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&ct=res&amp;amp;cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMitochondrial_Eve&ei=b3NJRq7OA4vChQPmwMXHCw&usg=AFrqEzfHoC5SQEqsRssLEYE2NpBnVxctLQ&sig2=2TLWyae-RwPYAxw_MTds_A" class="l" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','res','1','AFrqEzfHoC5SQEqsRssLEYE2NpBnVxctLQ','&sig2=2TLWyae-RwPYAxw_MTds_A')"><b>Mitochondrial Eve</b> - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ahousesmall.0.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ahousesmall.0.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />In fact, in January 2007, scientists have determined the first migration of humans out of sub-Saharan Africa occurred less than 50,000 years ago. Thus taken another way, if it were realistic to assume a 60 year life span for each individual represented in this collection, the sum of their lives would represent the time since their ancestors first left Africa. Yet a further example would be if each of the 800 individual portraits in the collection were assumed to be in a single line of descent, with a generation gap of 15 years between each parent and child. This would cover the period from today, back 12,000 years to the first discovery of agriculture! Human history is brief.<br /><br />Update January 2008 - An interesting article in the news is that scientists have determined that all blue-eyed people can trace their ancestry to one person who probably lived in the Black Sea region about 10,000 years ago. The scientists evaluated a sample of people with blue eyes and found that 99.5% have the same genetic mutation. <br /><br />This indicates that all sitters in these miniature portraits who have blue eyes, have a common ancestor from no more distant than 10,000 years ago.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">History of the Collection</span><br />The collection has developed over a period of time, very much on a trial and error basis, and as the subject has gradually been understood a little better. The interest followed from collecting postage stamps, which itself created an awareness of differing portraits on postage stamps and the history associated with the people and events depicted.<br /><br />The collection commenced largely by accident. My eldest daughter had been required to undertake a genealogy project at school. This created a desire to record and preserve our own family history. Then, when attending an antique auction, a group of family miniatures by William Douglas was seen being split up as individual lots. This prompted us to try and save the family by purchasing as many as we could afford. Hence the name of the collection "Artists and Ancestors".<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Focus on Quality and Interest</span><br />Early purchases were fairly indiscriminate and ill-informed, with many items acquired just because they were small pictures, and many mistakes were made. Later there was a focus on signed or attributed works. More recently, there has been more focus on acquiring miniatures of named sitters.<br /><br />The size of the collection has now stabilised at around 800, with disposals tending to match acquisitions. The aim is now to improve the quality and have fewer items titled "Unknown artist - portrait of unknown man".<br /><br />If visitors to the site seek information about miniature portraits they own, they can send me an email at the address mentioned in my profile and I am happy to comment on them without charge, although a polite expression of thanks would always be appreciated, even if it is regretfully necessary to advise that a treasured miniature is not a great rarity.Don Sheltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01981381449429373197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1449743943179545159.post-90390113169712884902007-12-14T11:40:00.000-08:002007-12-14T11:41:01.186-08:00Highlights<a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20866%20theodosia.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%20866%20theodosia.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20745%20burr.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%20745%20burr.jpg" border="0" /></a>It is hard to select particular highlights, but the collection does include these portraits. <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Aaron Burr</span>, Vice-President of the United States, most often now remembered for fighting a duel with Alexander Hamilton. Early 19C painting by unknown artist, after the Vanderlyn portrait, (included in <a href="http://american-miniatures.blogspot.com/">American 1</a> Gallery). </p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Theodosia Burr Alston</span>, daughter of Aaron Burr, attributed to John Wesley Jarvis. She was tragically lost at sea on a coastal voyage to New York, (included in <a href="http://american-miniatures.blogspot.com/">American 1</a> Gallery).<br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%201154%20bourgeios%20out.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%201154%20bourgeios%20out.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20830%20Napoleon.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%20830%20Napoleon.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%201115%20F%20L%20Nicolete%20-%20Rodin.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%201115%20F%20L%20Nicolete%20-%20Rodin.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Auguste Rodin</span> leaning on his most famous sculpture, by F L Nicolet, (included in <a href="http://european-miniatures.blogspot.com/">European 1</a> Gallery).<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Napoleon</span>, attributed to Jean Baptiste Duchesne. This portrait is engraved with the inscription "Given by the Emperor Napoleon to Marshal Ney who gave it to Lady Elizabeth Monck". Research has identified Lady Monck as a relative of the Earl of Uxbridge, who was one of the Duke of Wellington's commanders at the Battle of Waterloo. (included in <a href="http://european-miniatures.blogspot.com/">European 1</a> Gallery.)<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Portrait of a man</span> by Charles Bourgeois. There are several similar portraits by him in the Louvre Museum, (included in <a href="http://european-miniatures.blogspot.com/">European 1</a> Gallery). <a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%201135%20Rt%20Honble%20William%20Pitt.2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%201135%20Rt%20Honble%20William%20Pitt.0.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20240%20HP%20Bone%20-%20Byron.2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%20240%20HP%20Bone%20-%20Byron.jpg" border="0" /></a> </p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Lord Byron</span>, the English poet, an enamel portrait by Henry Pierce Bone, (included in <a href="http://british-miniatures.blogspot.com/">British 1</a> Gallery). </p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">William Pitt the Younger</span>, Prime Minister of Great Britain, attributed to John Donaldson. This portrait is engraved on the rear with the inscription "Rt Hon'ble William Pitt". It is believed to have been painted shortly after he entered Parliament, (included in <a href="http://british-miniatures.blogspot.com/">British 1</a> Gallery.)</p>Don Sheltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01981381449429373197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1449743943179545159.post-54850930301523273362007-12-14T11:38:00.000-08:002008-01-17T15:22:02.173-08:00American GalleriesAmerican miniature portraits and silhouettes, from both North and South America are available to view by following the links below. They include a small number painted elsewhere that do have American associations.<br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20810.0.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%20810.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Rarity</span><br />American miniatures are more rare than may be commonly assumed. In his 1832 Gazetteer, Bishop Davenport recorded many interesting facts about the United States in the early years of the 19C. For example in 1820 the population of Boston was about 50,000, NYC was under 150,000, and Philadelphia was 65,000. The total population of USA went from 3.9 million in 1790 to 12.9 million in 1830. Most of these people lived in the countryside and others were slaves or from the working classes.<br /><br />Thus there were few people who could afford to have miniatures painted in America in comparison to those in Europe, especially when it is considered America was at war with England during the American Revolution, and again after 1800. It is also likely some American miniatures were lost during the Civil War period.<br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/2282/2644/1600/ds%20837%20Peale.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/2282/2644/200/ds%20837%20Peale.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />There is a table in Blattel's Dictionary of Miniature Painters showing the number of miniature painters by country. Many of these are known by name only and may have painted only one or two miniatures each. The total number of miniaturists listed for France, Germany, and Great Britain is in the range of 7000 to 7500 for each country, approximately 22,000 in total, plus about 7000 for Austria and Italy combined, together with 6,000 for the rest of Europe, which totals close to 35,000 for Europe. After eliminating the pre 1750 artists and assuming 100 surviving miniatures per European painter, there may be as many as 2,000,000 European miniatures still in existence.<br /><br />However, for USA the total number of miniature painters is only about 1800 and, of this, the number of early 19C American artists who painted more than 100 miniatures is probably under 500, with a similar number from the early 20C painting less than 100 miniatures. However, assuming 1800 American miniature painters at 100 surviving miniatures for each painter, suggests there are less than 200,000 American miniatures in existence. That is only 10% of the estimated total for European miniatures.<br /><br />In theory this makes the prospect of successfully attributing unsigned American miniatures to specific artists, much more likely than for European artists. However, unfortunately, the literature on American artists is not extensive and there is no comprehensive dictionary of American artists which includes examples of the work of each artist.<br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/2282/2644/1600/ds%20837%20Peale.jpg"></a><p></p><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/2282/2644/1600/ds%20320%20Rogers.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/2282/2644/200/ds%20320%20Rogers.jpg" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">American Style and Attributions</span><br />Many American miniatures are unsigned, some are also close in style to British or European painters, which is not surprising as many painters emigrated to America. Thus it can be difficult to attribute miniatures to specific artists, or even to the country of origin. However, by studying styles and in particular frames, it is possible to be fairly certain of the country of origin. However, it is recognized there may be errors in the collection and there may be a few British ones included as American in error.<br /><br />American miniatures being such a specialised, but sadly unfashionable, field of collecting means that there are few real experts on the subject. This collector expects that experts on American miniatures may justifiably question some of the attributions made. However, a major reason for posting these images, is to allow knowledgeable collectors or experts to comment on attributions and hence any correcting comments will be very welcome. If desired, expert comment can be left anonymously.<br /><br />In return, it is hoped that the images and comments on the website will help add to the general pool of knowledge on the subject.<a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/2282/2644/1600/ds%201025%20Dodge.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/2282/2644/200/ds%201025%20Dodge.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">American Galleries</span><br />The American miniature portraits and silhouettes are displayed in four galleries and a total of around 360 individual portraits can be viewed.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">American 1 Gallery</span> - includes 18C and 19C artists, together with more interesting sitters from that period by unknown artists. The section includes the examples shown by James Peale, Nathaniel Rogers, Anna Claypoole Peale, and John Wood Dodge. Interesting sitters included in the section are Aaron Burr, Theodosia Burr Alston, and Commodore Matthew Perry. These miniatures are in approximate alphabetical order of artist or sitter - to view about 110 of them, go to <a href="http://american-miniatures.blogspot.com/">American 1</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">American 2 Gallery</span> - includes the remainder of 19C artists, mostly unsigned and the sitters unidentified. With some exceptions, they are listed in approximate date order. To view about 120 of them, go to <a href="http://american-miniatures2.blogspot.com/">American 2</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">American 3 Gallery</span> - As the other three American Galleries have grown to be quite large, an overflow Gallery has been created in early 2008 which will hold all new additions from the 18C, 19C, and 20C, see <img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/2282/2644/200/ds%20429b%20Anna%20Peale.jpg" border="0" /><a href="http://www.aminports3.blogspot.com/">American 3</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">American 20C Gallery</span> - includes the late 19C artists and 20C artists and most of these miniatures are signed. These American 20C portraits are available to view in approximate alphabetical order of artist. The section includes miniatures by William Jacob Baer and Eulabee Dix. To view about 110 of them, go to <a href="http://american-miniatures20c.blogspot.com/">American 20C</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">American Silhouettes</span>. In principle, these are outside the scope of the collection, with one significant exception. This is the group of 20 silhouettes of the Garrigues family shown above which now form part of the collection. These were cut at the Charles Willson Peale Museum and around half of them have the Peale Museum impression. A previous owner of this frame loaned it to the Garrigues family for inclusion in their family history website, thus the 20 identified silhouettes can best viewed individually at <a style="text-decoration: none;" href="http://www.garrigus-family.com/peale_portraits.html">Charles Willson Peale Silhouettes of Garrigues & Davis Families circa 1820-1825</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Silhouettes, Costumes, and Other Links</span><br />People interested in detailed information about American silhouettes should visit an excellent site at <a href="http://antiquesilhouettes.blogspot.com/">Antique Silhouettes - 19th Century American Silhouettes </a>There is also a helpful article by Anne Verplanck about distinguishing real and fake Peale silhouettes at <a class="l" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')" href="http://www.antiquesandfineart.com/articles/article.cfm?request=189">Distinguishing Real from Fake Peale's Museum Silhouette by user</a><br /><br />For information about early American costume and the miniature art of Betsy Way, an interesting essay can be found at <a class="l" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')" href="http://www.common-place.org/vol-03/no-02/lessons/">Common-place: Object Lessons: Miniature Worlds</a> For several examples of American miniatures and especially information about portraits of Abraham Lincoln see <a class="l" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')" href="http://www.lincolnminiature.com/miniatureartists.htm">The Youngest Face of Abraham Lincoln? - Miniature Artists</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">The Original 19C Cost of a Miniature</span><br />Some people wonder how much miniatures cost when they were originally painted. The following is a rare and interesting front page advertisement taken from Poulson's American Daily Advertiser, Philadelphia, PA for November 5, 1821. Also shown further below is an advertisement of 1801.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_VWR7MnIUN4M/Rti0TnKQgJI/AAAAAAAAA9g/EW--6DeFY-8/s1600-h/ds+217+rp+advt.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_VWR7MnIUN4M/Rti0TnKQgJI/AAAAAAAAA9g/EW--6DeFY-8/s320/ds+217+rp+advt.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105028426646978706" border="0" /></a>"RAPHAELLE PEALE - having returned to Philadelphia after an absence of 18 months, will paint portraits for a short time at the following prices - Portraits in oils, $20, in miniature on ivory, $15, profiles colored on Ivory Paper, 3, Likeness after death, $50 - fifteen or twenty minutes with the deceased is all the time necessary to obtain means of having a faithful likeness."<p></p><p>This is interesting in several respects; it indicates the charges made by Raphaelle Peale, it indicates that he was painting miniatures much later than reference literature generally states, and it also explains a little about the practice of painting portraits of deceased persons after their death.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_VWR7MnIUN4M/Rti0TXKQgII/AAAAAAAAA9Y/JWdw8q80Y1w/s1600-h/ds+217+advt2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_VWR7MnIUN4M/Rti0TXKQgII/AAAAAAAAA9Y/JWdw8q80Y1w/s320/ds+217+advt2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105028422352011394" border="0" /></a>Obviously, monetary values have changed a lot since 1821. To give some perspective to Raphaelle Peale's charge for painting a miniature, it is interesting to refer to page 158 of Bishop Davenport's "Gazetteer" published in 1832. This lists the pay per day for Senators and Representatives from each state of the then United States. Their pay ranged from $1.50 to $4.00 per day, with an apparent average of around $3.00 per day.<br /><br />Allowing for a little inflation between 1821 and 1832, it seems that a miniature on ivory costing $20 was therefore equivalent to about a week's remuneration for a Senator or Representative.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Comparison with Today's Values</span><br />According to Wikipedia, the 2006 base remuneration level for Senators and Representatives is $165,000 pa, which is a little over $3000 per week. Thus it can be seen that a miniature on ivory was an expensive item in 1821 and equivalent to around $3000 now, even before the cost of the frame.<br /><br />The frame could more than double the cost. In 1801 Raphaelle Peale had charged $10 for a miniature unframed and $25 in an ornate frame with hair on the reverse. Reproduction frames can now cost around $500, but do not have the hair decoration on the reverse. Relatively, they are cheaper, as they are now partially machine made. Later American frames of 1830-1850 were made with very small rear windows on the reverse, presumably to keep the cost of hair-work to a minimum.<br /><br />Thus inclusive of a reasonably ornate frame, although not one of those with hair decoration on the reverse, one can say that the cost of a miniature on ivory, painted in 1820 by Raphaelle Peale, was equivalent to around $5,000 in today's money.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Post Mortem Miniatures and Photographs</span><br />However, given his charge of $50, a likeness painted of a deceased person was even more expensive and equivalent to around $10,000 of today's money.<br /><br />Although, painting a deceased person cannot have been pleasant, it seems that he was to some extent taking advantage of the bereaved relatives, who would have had to make up their minds very quickly. As death in childbirth was common in those days, many of the deceased he was asked to paint would have unfortunately died in childbirth.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_VWR7MnIUN4M/Rti4QHKQgKI/AAAAAAAAA9o/Mn-tl4EMWcE/s1600-h/ds+1100+brown.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_VWR7MnIUN4M/Rti4QHKQgKI/AAAAAAAAA9o/Mn-tl4EMWcE/s200/ds+1100+brown.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105032764563947682" border="0" /></a>Later, after 1840, the urgency was slightly less as it was possible to take post mortem photographs, or base a miniature on an earlier daguerreotype if one was available.<br /><br />In this collection is a miniature by John Henry Brown that the artist painted after the sitter's death and copied it from a daguerreotype, see <a href="http://american-miniatures.blogspot.com/2006/04/brown-john-henry-portrait-of-mrs.html">Brown, John Henry - portrait of Mrs Antoinette Wil...</a><br /><br />Current day values of miniatures are very much driven by the identity of the artist and of the sitter. However, for Raphaelle Peale, taking a current value range of say, $5000 to $10000 per miniature, suggests the value of his miniatures has kept pace with inflation.</p>Don Sheltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01981381449429373197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1449743943179545159.post-2993687050418681702007-12-14T11:37:00.000-08:002007-12-14T11:38:50.823-08:00British Galleries<a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%2095%20Peter%20Stroehling%201805.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%2095%20Peter%20Stroehling%201805.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20936%20Jeremiah%20Meyer.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%20936%20Jeremiah%20Meyer.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20544%20Sophia%20Smith.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%20544%20Sophia%20Smith.jpg" border="0" /></a>The British miniature portraits are split into three galleries.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">British 1 Gallery</span> - This includes most better known artists and interesting sitters, such as these portraits by Sophia Smith, Jeremiah Meyer, and Peter Stroehling. Around 100 of these British miniatures are available to view at <a href="http://british-miniatures.blogspot.com/">British 1</a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">British 2 Gallery</span> - This includes the balance of British 18C and 19C miniatures and about 100 miniatures can be viewed at <a href="http://british-miniatures2.blogspot.com/">British 2</a><br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20871%20Ernest%20Rinzi%20Edward%20VII.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%20871%20Ernest%20Rinzi%20Edward%20VII.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">British 20C Gallery</span> - This covers the late 19C and early 20C miniatures, with the cut-off being largely on stylistic grounds. <br /><br />It includes the this portrait of Edward VII by Ernest Rinzi. Approaching 100 portraits can be seen at <a href="http://british-miniatures20c.blogspot.com/">British 20C</a>Don Sheltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01981381449429373197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1449743943179545159.post-36954574904731505422007-12-14T11:36:00.000-08:002007-12-14T11:37:40.447-08:00European Galleries<a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20884%20Francois%20Soiron.jpg"><img style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%20884%20Francois%20Soiron.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20290%20Dominco%20Bossi.jpg"><img style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%20290%20Dominco%20Bossi.jpg" border="0" /></a>The European miniatures are currently displayed in two galleries, although the 20C ones may be separated out at some stage, as has been done with the 20C miniatures in the American and British Galleries.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">European 1 Gallery</span> - This includes many signed miniatures and identified sitters from about 1800 through to 1950. Over 100 miniatures in this group can be viewed at <a href="http://european-miniatures.blogspot.com/">European 1</a> <br /><br />Those available to view include two of the portraits appearing here, one of the very famous French sculptor of the Napoleonic period, Joseph Chinard which is painted on enamel by Francois Soiron and one of Baroness Leopold Neuwall, the wife of a wealthy Austrian banker, painted by Domenico Bossi in 1816.<br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20883%20Pierre%20Rouvier.jpg"><img style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%20883%20Pierre%20Rouvier.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/ds%20289%20Mme%20Duvreux.jpg"><img style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; CURSOR: hand" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/200/ds%20289%20Mme%20Duvreux.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">European 2 Gallery</span> - This includes mainly signed miniatures from before 1800 and some 18C and 19C miniatures that are unsigned and/or where the sitter is unknown. <br /><br />There are about 100 on view at <a href="http://european-miniatures2.blogspot.com/">European 2</a> They include two portraits shown here, one of a French Revolutionary soldier painted by Pierre Rouvier and one of three sisters painted by Marie Durieux.Don Sheltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01981381449429373197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1449743943179545159.post-54163093432680152802007-12-14T11:34:00.000-08:002013-10-31T15:26:56.832-07:00Art Collecting Links<span style="font-weight: bold;">Thanks</span><br />
A number of knowledgeable visitors to the website have made helpful comments and also corrected some of my glaring errors. I am sure there are still many errors left, especially in the American section, all of which are mine! Any and all further corrections will be very welcome.<br />
<br />
However, I would like to express particular thanks for their help and encouragement at various times, to Christine Archibald, Stefanie Deutsch, Bernardo and Anna Maria Falconi, Bodo Hofstetter, Thierry Jaegy, Natalie Lemoine-Bouchard, Linda Mitchell, Bernd Pappe, Jean-Jacques Petit, Vanessa Remington, Emma Rutherford, Camilla Seymour, Ed Sheppard, and Boris Wilnitsky. <br />
<br />
Several employees of art museums have responded promptly and helpfully to my questions, and so I am also very grateful for their assistance.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Collecting Miniatures</span><br />
Visitors with a general interest in the subject of contemporary miniature art, should visit the very comprehensive contemporary resource site at <a href="http://www.art-in-miniature.org/">www.art-in-miniature.org</a> and its sister site <a href="http://www.worldfm.org/">www.worldfm.org</a> These sites concentrate on contemporary miniatures, but include many links to sites with information about antique miniatures.<br />
<br />
People specifically interested in collecting antique portrait miniatures and related items should investigate the links below which will take them to some locations where portrait miniatures can be purchased. The auction houses usually have their latest illustrated catalogue available online and most of the specialist dealers have their current inventory available to view online. Some of them include prices.<br />
<br />
International Auction Houses;<br />
1 Bonhams see <a class="l" href="http://www.bonhams.com/cgi-bin/public.sh/pubweb/publicSite.r?sContinent=EUR&screen=Miniatures" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')">Portrait Miniatures at Bonhams</a><br />
2 Christie's see <a class="l" href="http://www.christies.com/departments/overview.asp?DID=40" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')">Christie's - Portrait Miniatures</a><br />
3 Sotheby's see <a class="pr" href="http://search.sothebys.com/jsps/live/dept/DeptGlobal.jsp?dept_id=155">British Watercolors & Portrait Miniatures</a><br />
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Specialist Dealers<br />
- America<br />
1 Elle Shushan see <a class="l" href="http://www.portrait-miniatures.com/" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')">Elle Shushan - Antique Portrait Miniatures - American, English ...</a><br />
2 Christine Archibald see <a class="l" href="http://archibaldminiatures.com/" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')">Christine Archibald Portrait Miniatures</a><br />
3 Laura Nagan Brown see <a href="http://www.trocadero.com/cgi-bin/search1.cgi?keyword=portrait,+miniature,+ivory&dealer=granitepail&fromtrocadero=0">Portrait Miniatures</a><br />
4 Joseph Topping see <a class="l" href="http://www.rubylane.com/shops/royalmemorabilia" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')">Joseph Topping at Ruby Lane : Portrait Miniatures, Silhouettes ...</a><br />
5 Joan Brownstein see<a class="yschttl spt" href="http://nz.yhs4.search.yahoo.com/r/_ylt=A2oKmMsy1XJSsSQAqmB0PopQ;_ylu=X3oDMTByN2RnanRxBHNlYwNzcgRwb3MDMQRjb2xvA3NnMwR2dGlkAw--/SIG=122sn49ha/EXP=1383286194/**http%3a//www.americanfolkpaintings.com/MINI.HTML" id="link-1"><b> </b>Joan R Brownstein</a><br />
<a href="http://joanrbrownstein.com/MINI.HTML"></a><br />
6 Kyle Karnes see <a href="http://www.exquisiteminiatures.com/">www.exquisite-miniatures.com</a><a class="l" href="http://sentimentaljewelry.blogspot.com/" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','5','')"></a><br />
7 Mark Reinfurt see Equinox Antiques<span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><a class="l" href="http://www.equinoxantiques.com/products/Portrait+Miniatures/available" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','res','2','AFQjCNFswLWKGXG20ZnX6Sf2dGfpbBjV2A','&sig2=DAFzVR9kPswEIQWX3FSAtA')"><b></b></a><br />
<br />
- Britain<br />
1 Piccolo Arts see <a class="l" href="http://www.piccoloart.co.uk/" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')">Antique Portrait Miniatures from Piccolo Art Ltd.</a><br />
<a class="l" href="http://www.portraitminiatures.co.uk/" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')"></a><br />
2 Cynthia Walmsley see <a href="http://www.c-walmsley.co.uk/" target="_blank">www.c-walmsley.co.uk</a><a class="l" href="http://www.c-walmsley.co.uk/portraitminiatures.asp?page=2&od=notes&c=1&search=" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')"></a><br />
3 Barry Hayes see <a class="l" href="http://www.portraitminiatures-barryhayes.co.uk/" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')">Portrait Miniatures from Barry Hayes</a><br />
4 Claudia Hill see <a class="l" href="http://www.ellisonfineart.com/" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','3','')">Portrait Miniatures of Claudia Hill</a><br />
5 Lawrence Gould see <a href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&sqi=2&ved=0CCsQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gouldantiques.com%2F&ei=5ddyUv-XEoOVkwXX1YHgDw&usg=AFQjCNGzNSi6mYTtAOp8ZAUGSkLxXDLusQ&sig2=eW_UR1kYnuSZZ4Zm08ChdQ&bvm=bv.55819444,d.dGI">Lawrence Gould Antiques</a><br />
6 Cynthia McKinley see <a class="l" href="http://www.wigsonthegreen.co.uk/index.html" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')">Wigs on the Green Fine Art</a><br />
7 David Lavender see<a href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCoQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dslavender.com%2F&ei=lNhyUtGxIYjZkAXO64HQDw&usg=AFQjCNFAbXdfph1wtr0gzOpWlDt8lmlcKg&sig2=yFSjK3zRli8nh-KOZHLaQw&bvm=bv.55819444,d.dGI"> DS Lavender :: Home Page</a><br />
<a class="l" href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dslavender.com%2Fprod-sept08.htm&ei=obCtSbj3H4yRngeqz-m_Bg&usg=AFQjCNGahL-O5ExgHa-8GycQRnq1FC0ktA&sig2=gGoItfK6rjKfo2WIRAnYGg" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','res','1','AFQjCNGahL-O5ExgHa-8GycQRnq1FC0ktA','&sig2=gGoItfK6rjKfo2WIRAnYGg')"><b></b></a><br />
8 Emma Rutherford see<a href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&ved=0CEQQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philipmould.com%2Fgallery%2Fportrait-miniatures%2F&ei=mtdyUqvbE4zckgX1uoHgDw&usg=AFQjCNEQ9bKVhCB22Jk-tqGl-9yKtCo7kw&sig2=nkkQ1hCnJTh9NHFmmqc-5A&bvm=bv.55819444,d.dGI"> Portrait Miniatures | Philip Mould & Company</a><br />
<a href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCwQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Femmarutherford.com%2F&ei=mtdyUqvbE4zckgX1uoHgDw&usg=AFQjCNE9qWAcOEoVDw0eEVGtdN9LCOmo9w&sig2=D1XEWKpO_A9m3_7-IwDNyQ&bvm=bv.55819444,d.dGI"></a><br />
<a class="l noline" href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBYQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philipmould.com%2Fworks_for_sale%2Fcategories%2Fminiatures&rct=j&q=philip%20mould%20works%20for%20sale%20%2F%20miniatures&ei=uDy3TZWeCobQsAPSypWpAQ&usg=AFQjCNFzMV0A_O8L5SgsmQtNAoXTcy_5Dg&sig2=QqQR7EWQOzZJ0e1GMLU_zw&cad=rja"><i></i></a><br />
<br />
- Europe and Israel<br />
1 Nathalie Lemoine-Bouchard see<a class="l vst" href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CB8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemoinebouchard.com%2Fcolloque_2012.php&ei=u_9cUK6zGqqaiQfZ14DQBw&usg=AFQjCNFONGGigP_TgutofFO4dGlbe6I2Vw&sig2=VTNDponuvB7OY4KO2BooqA"><i> Lemoine-Bouchard</i> Fine Arts</a><br />
2 Thierry Jaegy see<a class="l" href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCUQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaegy-theoleyre.com%2F&ei=5wJdUJbMCM-XiQeb3oHYBQ&usg=AFQjCNFpiQufdYeHsHP6ux6dwYmTL1yq4g&sig2=E531VoJg28v5FaBAHqk51Q"> Galerie <i>Jaegy Theoleyre</i></a><br />
3 Robert Keil see <a class="l" href="http://www.keil-kunsthandel.at/" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','res','5','AFQjCNF0GltFwrd7QZBCRDGmj5Bximo1jg','&sig2=ed3eD5CSp1ANiOCpBxCwag')"><b>Robert Keil</b> - Kunsthandel</a><br />
4 Boris Wilnitsky see <a class="l" href="http://www.wilnitsky.com/scripts/redgallery1.dll/advsearch?k=RUSSIAN%20PORTRAIT%20MINIATURES&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;a=0&ps=20" onmousedown="return clk('http://www.wilnitsky.com/scripts/redgallery1.dll/advsearch?k=RUSSIAN%20PORTRAIT%20MINIATURES&a=0&ps=20','','','res','2','')">Boris Wilnitsky Fine Art - Homepage</a><br />
5 Erica in Tel Aviv see <a class="l" href="http://erica-antiques.com/default.asp" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','res','1','AFQjCNH8rfDAnhcf1nBGIBSDQfuX1On9AQ','&sig2=Shvq4Ykxk9GEm_Em2tuhGQ')"><b><b>antique-masterpieces</b></b></a><br />
<br />
Specialist miniature restoration services are available from<br />
America - Wiebolds see <a class="l" href="http://www.wiebold.com/" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','1','')">Antique & Art Restoration By Wiebold</a><br />
Europe - Bernd Pappe of Switzerland<br />
Europe - Carmen Krisai-Chizzola of Austria<br />
However, many art museums and public galleries may also undertake the work. <a class="l" href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucklandartgallery.govt.nz%2Fservices%2Fconservation%2Fdefault.asp&ei=aEnfRpnRHZSQhALX6L3bAg&usg=AFQjCNH-ribqqYSVim6LYetUuVUcJrRlAA&sig2=XqJkT3t5oTTodMxwX-Vmrg" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','res','1','AFQjCNH-ribqqYSVim6LYetUuVUcJrRlAA','&sig2=XqJkT3t5oTTodMxwX-Vmrg')"></a><br />
<br />
There are a number of Online Collections that can be viewed via the Internet. Just a couple are;<br />
1 Smithsonian <a class="l" href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&ct=res&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;cd=12&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwwar.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fconnector.pl%3Fid%3D236633&ei=6KaRRqeJMZawggOtyonNCA&usg=AFQjCNHjIiBpvIs9iPeJw1AOQ5tWmmxIKA&sig2=1L5bm-QLQMwD9ya7arpBNA" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','res','12','AFQjCNHjIiBpvIs9iPeJw1AOQ5tWmmxIKA','&sig2=1L5bm-QLQMwD9ya7arpBNA')"> SAAM :: Have a Question? Find an Answer</a><br />
2 Eye and other miniatures <a class="l" href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&ct=res&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fimageevent.com%2Fbluboi%2Ffine&ei=Ev2fRvaQN5WSgwPGwqn1DQ&usg=AFQjCNFsYdFp4wdNeH02RZcnuSm95ZCzTg&sig2=IWQK8rnifqrPhU7eQkluUg" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','res','1','AFQjCNFsYdFp4wdNeH02RZcnuSm95ZCzTg','&sig2=IWQK8rnifqrPhU7eQkluUg')"><b><b>Georgian, Victorian, other</b></b></a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Other Interesting Links</span><br />
This includes some sites where it is possible to commission modern miniature portraits.<br />
In America see <a class="l" href="http://www.artofwildlife.com/miniaturepaintings.html" onmousedown="return clk(this.href,'','','res','6','')">Miniature Art Information by Wes & Rachelle Siegrist</a><br />
World Wide Art Resources - <a href="http://wwar.com/">wwar.com</a><br />
Modern jewellery - <a href="http://www.metalcyberspace.com/">http://www.metalcyberspace.com</a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Stolen Miniatures</span><br />
Inevitably some miniatures do get stolen. As a service to visitors images of stolen miniatures can be submitted for display in the <a href="http://guest-gallery.blogspot.com/">Guest Gallery</a> There is currently an image of one stolen item there.<br />
There are also other sites on the Internet that show pictures of stolen miniatures, for example see <a class="l" href="http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.findstolenart.com%2FSearch.asp%3Fsic%3D38%26sr%3D0%26st%3D0&ei=X0voRsaTJofGgQKe8OHkBg&usg=AFQjCNHWrDzUXZhnl_BcBHMt1B_NAekZ5Q&sig2=hPjl2A_8OiMSfewjCLczkQ" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','res','1','AFQjCNHWrDzUXZhnl_BcBHMt1B_NAekZ5Q','&sig2=hPjl2A_8OiMSfewjCLczkQ')">Find <b>Stolen</b> Art - View <b>Stolen</b> Items</a><br />
A word of advice, as the latter site includes images that are quite unclear. To help safeguard any miniatures you may possess, it is sensible to take good quality scans or photographs, such has been done with items displayed in this collection. However, even those images should be held somewhere safe, such as on a website like this, in case your computer is destroyed or stolen at the same time as the miniatures.Don Sheltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01981381449429373197noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1449743943179545159.post-26311805032192075502007-12-14T11:28:00.000-08:002008-05-17T20:14:10.863-07:00Bibliography<a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/book1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/320/book1.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/1600/book2.0.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right;" alt="" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/6554/2662/320/book2.jpg" border="0" /></a>There are many useful books and as with any specialist collection, good reference books can pay for themselves many times over. The prime reference used here for ready reference is Blattel and thus a great deal of thanks needs to be awarded to Harry Blattel and also the other authors mentioned below who have put a great deal of time and effort into the subject.<br /><br />For such a specialist subject, it is surprising how many books have been published. There are over 150 books in the reference section of the collection. They include the two early books illustrated here.<br /><br />1 "L'Ecole de la Mignature etc." 180 pp. - this is the New Edition which was published in 1782. The first edition appears to have been published in 1778. It is interesting that the title refers to "mignature", rather than "miniature".<br /><br />2 "Manuel de Miniature etc." 360 pp. - this is a rare first edition which was published in 1828.<br /><br />The bibliography below is split geographically by where each book was published, but there is some cross-over of content. For example the American section concentrates on miniatures with an American focus, but also lists collections of British and European miniatures that are housed in America. Almost all of these books form part of the collection. In addition there is a quantity of auction house catalogues.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">American Miniature Portraits</span><br /><br /><u>A Deaf Artist in Early America: The Worlds of John Brewster Jr.,</u> by Harlan Lane, 2004<br /><u>After the Revolution: Profiles of Early American Culture</u> by Joseph J. Ellis<br /><u>A Gallery Collects Peales</u>, by Robert Devlin Schwarz 1987<br /><u>A History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States</u>, by William Dunlap, 1934<br /><u>Alvan Clark & Sons – Artists in Optics</u>, by Deborah Jean Warner and Robert B Ariail 1996<br /><u>American Miniature Portraits on Ivory from the Collection of Linda and Raymond White</u>, Huntsville Museum of Art 1996<br /><u>American Painting, History and Interpretation,</u> by Virgil Barker, 1950<br /><u>American Pioneer Art & Artists</u>, by Carl W. Drepperd 1942<br /><u>American Portrait Miniatures in the Manney Collection</u> by Dale T. Johnson 1990<br /><u>American Portrait Miniatures: The Worcester Art Museum Collection</u> by Susan E. Strickler 1989<br /><u>American Miniatures: Metropolitan Museum of Art 1730-1850</u> by Harry B. Wehle 1927<br /><u>American Wax Portraits</u>, by Ethel Stanwood Bolton 1929<br /><u>Anson Dickinson, The Celebrated Miniature Painter, 1779-1852,</u> by Mona Leithiser Dearborn 1983<br /><u>An Exhibition of Virginia Miniatures</u>, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts 1941<br /><u>A Perfect Likeness: European and American Portrait Miniatures from the Cincinnati Art Museum,</u> by Julie Aronson and Marjorie E. Wieseman 2006<br /><u>Artists In The Life of Charleston: Through Colony and State, from Restoration to Reconstruction,</u> by Anna Wells Rutledge<br /><u>Catalogue of American Portraits in the New York Historical Society</u>, 1941<br /><u>Catalogue of an Exhibition of Miniatures Painted in America 1729-1850</u>, Metropolitan Museum of Art 1927<br /><u>Catalogue of the Annual Water Color and Miniature Exhibitions</u>, PAFA various years<br /><u>Charles Fraser,</u> by Alice R. Huger Smith and D. E. Huger Smith 1924<br /><u>Charles Fraser of Charleston, </u> ed by Martha Severens 1983<br /><u>Early American Portrait Painters in Miniature,</u> by Theodore Bolton, 1921<br /><u>Elkanah Tisdale</u> in The Connecticut Historical Bulletin Spring 1984<br /><u>English and Continental Portrait Miniatures – the Latter-Schlesinger Collection </u>by Pamela Pierrepont Bardo 1978<br /><u>Ethel Frances Mundy (1876-1964)</u>, by Anna Wetherill Olmsted undated<br /><u>European Miniatures in the Metropolitan Museum of Art,</u> by Graham Reynolds 1997<br /><u>Ezra Ames of Albany: Portrait Painter, Craftsman, Royal Arch Mason, Banker, 1768-1836, </u>by Theodore Bolton and Irwin Cortelyou, New York, 1955<br /><u>Four Centuries of Miniature Painting, </u>Baltimore Museum of Art 1958<br /><u>From Turnbridge, Vermont to London, England: The Journal of James Guild, Peddler, Tinker, Schoolmaster, Portrait Painter from 1818-1824,</u> by James Guild<br /><u>George Freeman, Miniaturist,</u> by Wilma Keyes, Storrs CT, 1980<br /><u>Heirlooms in Miniatures</u> by Anne Hollingsworth Wharton 1898<br /><u>Henry Benbridge (1743-1812) American Portrait Painter</u>, by Robert G. Stewart 1971<br /><u>Henry Benbridge (1743-1812): Charleston Portrait Painter,</u> by Angela D. Mack<br /><u>Jacob Frymire – American Limner</u>, by Linda Crocker Simmons 1975<br /><u>James Sandford Ellsworth – Portrait Painter</u>, by Lucy B. Mitchell 1974<br /><u>John Wesley Jarvis: American Painter</u> by Harold E Dickson 1949<br /><u>John Wesley Jarvis: An Account of His Life and the First Catalogue of His Work</u>, by Theodore Bolton<br /><u>John Wood Dodge in</u> Tennessee Historical Quarterly by Raymond D White Spring 2000<br /><u>Joseph-Pierre Picot de Limoelan de Clorivere</u> in Journal of Southern Decorative Arts Winter 2002<br /><u>Jouett-Bush-Frazer: Early Kentucky Artists,</u> by William Barrow Floyd<br /><u>Limners and Likenesses,</u> by Alan Burroughs, 1965<br /><u>Looking For Eulabee Dix,</u> by Jo Ann Ridley 1997<br /><u>Love and Loss: American Portrait and Mourning Miniatures</u> by Robin Jaffee Frank 2000<br /><u>Miniatures and Silhouettes of Early American Jews</u>, by Hannah R. London 1970<br /><u>National Miniature Exhibition</u> Graphic Arts Pavillion 1933<br /><u>New England Miniatures: 1750-1850, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston,</u> compiled and edited by Barbara Neville Parker 1957<br /><u>New York Historical Society's Dictionary of Artists in America 1564-1860</u> by George Groce and David Wallace<br /><u>Painting and Portrait Making in the American Northeast, Peter Benes, Editor,</u> by Boston Univeristy, 1994<br /><u>Painting in the South: 1563-1980,</u> Virginia Museum, Richmond<br /><u>Paintings and Miniatures at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania</u> by Nicholas B. Wainwright 1974<br /><u>Paintings from Europe and the Americas in the Philadelphia Museum of Art</u> 1994<br /><u>Portraits and Miniatures by Charles Willson Peale</u>, by Charles Coleman Sellers 1951<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures from the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts</u>, by Rosalind M. Pepall 1989<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures in Early American History: 1750-1840,</u> R.W. Norton Art Gallery, 1976<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures in the National Museum of American Art,</u> by Robin Bolton-Smith 1984<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures in the Royal Ontario Museum</u>, by H. Hickl-Szabo 1981<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures on Ivory 1750-1850: From the Collection of The Connecticut Historical Society</u>, by Philip Dunbar October 1964<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures – The Edward H Greene Collection</u> Cleveland Museum of Art 1951<br /><u>Portrait Painting in America, The Nineteenth Century,</u> Ellen Miles, Editor, 1977<br /><u>Portraits in Miniature</u>, by Maymie Eschwey 1988<br /><u>Portraits in the Collection of the American Antiquarian Society</u>, by Lauren B. Hewes 2004<br /><u>Portraits in the Massachusetts Historical Society</u>, by Andrew Oliver et al 1988<br /><u>Robert Field: Portrait Painter in Oils, Miniature and Water-Colours and Engraver,</u> by Harry Piers, New York, 1927<br /><u>Robert Field</u>, Art Gallery of Nova Scotia 1978<br /><u>Saint Memin – Watercolor Miniatures</u>, by J Hall Pleasants 1947<br /><u>Saint Memin and the Neoclassical Profile Portrait in America</u>, by Ellen G Miles 1994<br /><u>St. Memin in Maryland</u>, Maryland Historical Society 1951<br /><u>Salons Colonial and Republican</u>, by Anne Hollingsworth Wharton 1900<br /><u>Samuel P Howes</u> – Portrait Painter, Whistler House Museum 1986<br /><u>Shades of Our Ancestors: American Profiles and Profilists,</u> by Alice Van Leer Carrick<br /><u>Social Life in the Early Republic</u>, by Anne Hollingsworth Wharton 1902<br /><u>The Art of Henry Inman</u>, by William H Gerdts and Carrie Rebora 1987<br /><u>The Beardsley Limner and some Contemporaries</u>, by Christine Skeeles Schloss 1973<br /><u>The Life and Works of Edward Green Malbone 1777-1807,</u> by Ruel Pardee Tolman, New York, 1958<br /><u>The Miniature Portrait Collection of the Carolina Art Association</u> by Martha R. Severns 1984<br /><u>The Miniatures of David Boudon</u>, by Nancy E. Richards in Winterthur Portfolio 9 1974<br /><u>The Peale Family</u>, Lillian B. Miller 1996<br /><u>The Peter Marie Collection</u> by Viola Hopkins Winner in NYHS Journal Spring 2006<br /><u>The Spanish Golden Age in Miniature</u> Rosenbach Museum 1988<br /><u>The Starr Collection of Miniatures</u>, by Graham Reynolds 1971<br /><u>Wax Portraits and Silhouettes</u>, by Ethel Stanwood Bolton 1914<br /><u>William Birch</u> by J L Brockway in Glass on Metal 1996<br /><u>William Russell Birch</u> by William Russell Birch in Glass on Metal 1996<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">British Miniature Portraits</span><br /><br /><u>300 Years of the English Miniature Illustrated from the Collections of the National Portrait Gallery,</u> Richard Walker, London, 1998<br /><u>A Biographical Dictionary of Wax Modellers</u>, by E J Pyke 1973<br /><u>A Dictionary of British Miniature Painters</u>, by Daphne Foskett 1972<br /><u>A Dictionary of Painters of Miniatures,</u> by J.J. Foster, London, 1926<br /><u>Andrew & Nathaniel Plimmer Miniature Painters</u> by Geo C Williamson 1903<br /><u>A Picture Book of English Miniatures</u>, Victoria & Albert Museum 1929<br /><u>Andrew Robertson, Letters and Papers of Andrew Robertson,</u> by Emily Robertson, ed. 1879<br /><u>Anecdotes of Painting in England,</u> by Horace Walpole<br /><u>Artists of the Tudor Court</u> by Roy Strong 1983<br /><u>A Thing Apart, The W R Johnston Collection</u> by Roger and Carmela Arturi Phillips 2006<br /><u>British Miniaturists,</u> by Basil Long, 1929<br /><u>British Portrait Miniatures</u>, by Daphne Foskett 1963<br /><u>British Portrait Miniatures</u>, Edinburgh Exhibition 1965<br /><u>British Portrait Miniatures</u>, by Graham Reynolds 1997<br /><u>British Profile Miniaturists</u>, by Arthur Mayne 1970<br /><u>Catalogue for the Sale of the J Pierpont Morgan Collection</u>, Christie’s 1935<br /><u>Catalogue of a Collection of Miniatures Belonging to Lord Hothfield,</u> by Geo. C. Williamson 1916<br /><u>Catalogue of Portrait Miniatures : In the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge (Fitzwilliam Museum Publications),</u> by Robert Bayne-Powell 1985<br /><u>Catalogue of the Special Exhibition of Portrait Miniatures on Loan at the South Kensington Museum, June 1865 </u><br /><u>Chats on Old Miniatures,</u> by J. J. Foster 1908<br /><u>Collecting Miniatures</u> by Daphne Foskett 1979<br /><u>Collecting Old Miniatures</u> by J H Yoxall 1916<br /><u>Commoners and Me,</u> by Gertrude Massey, 1934<br /><u>Dictionary of British Art,</u> by C. Wood<br /><u>Dictionary of British Portrait Painters,</u> by Stewart and Cutten<br /><u>Elizabethan Miniatures,</u> by Carl Winter, 1952<br /><u>English Miniatures Diary</u> V&A 1989<br /><u>English Portrait Miniatures,</u> by Graham Reynolds 1952<br /><u>European Miniatures in the Metropolitan Museum of Art,</u> by Graham Reynolds 1997<br /><u>Fitzwilliam Museum Handbooks: British Portrait Miniatures,</u> by Graham Reynolds 1998<br /><u>George Engleheart 1750-1829, Miniature Painter to George III,</u> by Geo C Williamson, 1902<br /><u>Hilliard & Oliver</u> by Mary Edmond 1983<br /><u>History of Miniature Art,</u> by Lumsden Propert, London 1887<br /><u>Hanging the Head : Portraiture and Social Formation in Eighteenth-Century England,</u> by Marcia Pointon Kings<br /><u> How to Identify Portrait Miniatures,</u> by Geo C Williamson 1909<br /><u>India and British Portraiture, 1770-1825,</u> by Mildred Archer, 1979<br /><u>John Comerford and The Portrait Miniature in Ireland,</u> Paul Caffrey<br /><u>John Smart, the Man and his Miniatures,</u> by Daphne Foskett, 1964<br /><u>Life and Works of Ozias Humphry, R.A.</u> by George C. Williamson, London 1918<br /><u>Masterpieces in Little : Portrait Miniatures from the Collection of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II,</u> by Christopher Lloyd and Vanessa Remington 1997<br /><u>Masterpieces of Miniature Painting,</u> by Ernest Lemberger and Franz Hanfstaengl<br /><u>Miniature Painters British and Foreign With Some Account of Those Who Practiced in America in the Eighteenth Century,</u> by J.J. Foster 1903<br /><u>Miniatures</u> by Cyril Davenport 1908<br /><u>Miniatures - a Selection from the Ashmolean Museum</u> by Richard Walker 1997<br /><u>Miniatures Address Book</u> V&A 1990<br /><u>Miniatures and Silhouettes</u>, by Max von Bohen 1928<br /><u>Miniatures at Kenwood: The Draper Gift,</u> by Julius Bryant 1997<br /><u>Miniatures Diary 1991</u> V&A<br /><u>Miniatures Dictionary and Guide,</u> by Daphne Foskett 1987<br /><u>Miniatures in the XVIII & XIX Centuries</u>, by Donough O’Brien 1951<br /><u>Miniatures in the Collection of Her Majesty The Queen : The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Catalogue of Miniatures in the Collection of H M The Queen)</u> by Richard Walker 1992<br /><u>Nicholas Hilliard</u> by Roy Strong 1975<br /><u>Painting Miniatures</u> by Elizabeth Davys Wood 1989<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures</u> by Geo C Williamson 1897<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures in The Studio</u> by Geo C Williamson 1910<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures</u> Victoria & Albert Museum 1959<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures</u> by Stephen Butler 1994<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures from the Clarke Collection</u>, by Stephen Lloyd 2001<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures from the Collection of the Duke of Buccleuch</u> by Stephen Lloyd 1996<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures from the Daphne Foskett Collection,</u> by Stephen Lloyd 2003<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures from the Dumas Egerton Collection</u> by Stephen Lloyd 2002<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures from the Merchiston Collection</u>, by Stephen Lloyd 2005<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures from the National Gallery of Scotland,</u> by Stephen Lloyd 2004<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures in Enamel: The Gilbert Collection,</u> by Sarah Coffin and Bodo Hofstetter 2000<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures in National Trust Houses - Vol 1</u> by Richard Walker & Alastair Laing 2003<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures in National Trust Houses - Vol 2</u> by Richard Walker & Alastair Laing 2005<br /><u>Richard and Maria Cosway, Regency Artists of Taste and Fashion,</u> by Stephen Lloyd et al, 1995<br /><u>Royal Portraits Diary 1991</u> V&A<br /><u>Samuel Cooper (1608-1672)</u> by Daphne Foskett 1974<br /><u>Secret Passion to Noble Fashion: The World of the Portrait Miniature,</u> by Ann Summer and Richard Walker 1999<br /><u>Sir William Newton</u> by Linda Goforth Zillman 1986<br /><u>The Art of Limning</u> by Nicholas Hilliard 1992<br /><u>The Art of the Miniature Painter</u> by Geo C Williamson 1926<br /><u>The Art of Miniature Painting</u> by C W Day undated<br /><u>The British Miniature</u> by Raymond Lister 1951<br /><u>The English Miniature</u> by John Murdoch, Jim Murrell, Patrick J. Noon & Roy Strong 1981<br /><u>The English Renaissance Miniature</u> by Roy Strong 1983<br /><u>The Guide to Miniature Painting and Colouring Photographs</u> by J S Templeton undated<br /><u>The Miniature Collector: A Guide to Collectors of Old Portrait Miniatures,</u> by Geo C Williamson, 1921<br /><u>The Portrait Miniature in England</u> by Katherine Coombs 1998<br /><u>The Princess Charlotte of Wales</u>, by Mrs Herbert Jones 1885<br /><u>The Sixteenth and Seventeenth-Century Miniatures: In the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen (Royal Collection)</u> by Graham Reynolds 1999<br /><u>The Techniques of Painting Miniatures</u> by Sue Burton 1995<br /><u>The Wallace Collection: Catalogue of Miniatures</u> by Graham Reynolds 1980<br /><u>The Way Howe to Lymme</u> by Jim Murrell 1983<br /><u>Treasures to Hold: Irish and English Miniatures 1650-1850 from the National Gallery of Ireland</u> by Paul Caffrey, Jane Macavock, and Adrian Le Harivel 2000<br /><u>Two Centuries of Silhouettes</u> by Peggy Hickman 1971<br /><u>Wallace Collection Catalogue</u> by W P Gibson 1935<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">European Miniature Portraits</span><br /><br /><u>100 Ans des Miniatures Suisse</u> edited by Jeane-Claude Genoud, 1991<br /><u>Aspects of Miniature Painting</u> by Torben Holck Colding 1953<br /><u>Capolavori in Smalto e Avorio</u> Various 2004<br /><u>Chefs-D'oeuvre de la Miniature et de la Gouache</u> Musee Geneve 1956<br /><u>Cornelius Hoyer</u> by Torben Holck Colding 1961<br /><u>Die Miniaturen der Albertina in Wien</u> by Nora Keil 1977<br /><u>Giambattista Gigola 1767-1841</u> by Bernado Falconi et al 2001<br /><u>Historie de la Miniature Feminine Francaise</u> by Camille Mauclair 1925<br /><u>International Dictionary of Miniature Painters, </u>by Harry Blattel 1992<br /><u>Inventaire des Miniatures Sur Ivoire: Musee du Louvre, Musee D'Orsay</u> by Pierrette Jean-Richard 1994<br /><u>La Miniature sur Ivoire, Essai Historique et Traite Pratique</u> by Mme. G. Debillemot-Chardon, 1910<br /><u>Les Miniatures, Musee Cognaqu-Jay, Paris</u> by Nathalie Lemoine-Bouchard 2002<br /><u>Les Peintres en Miniature Actifs en France 1650-1850</u> by Nathalie Lemoine-Bouchard 2008<br /><u>Miniaturen aus der Sammlung Tansey </u> by Dietrun Otten and Bernd Pappe 2000<br /><u>Miniaturen der Revolutionszeit 1789-1799 Aus Sammlung Tansey</u> by Bernd Pappe et al 2005<br /><u>Miniaturen des 19 Jahrhunderts aus der Sammlung Tansey</u> by Bernd Pappe et al 2002<br /><u>Miniaturen des Rokoko, Empire und Biedermeier</u> by Heinz E R Martin 1981<br /><u>Miniaturen-Dosen, Battenberg Antiquitäten Kataloge </u>by Jörg Nimmergut 1982<br /><u>Miniaturen und Silhouetten </u>by Max von Boehn 1917<br /><u>Miniatures in the State Pushkin Museum St Petersburg </u> by Eugenia Ivanova 1996<br /><u>Nationalmuseum Stockholm, Illustrated Catalogue, 2 Volumes </u>by Magnus Olausson, 2001<br /><u>Pierre Adolphe Hall 1739-1793</u> by Regine de Plinval de Guillebon<br /><u>Portraitminiatures des Hauses Habsburg </u>by Robert Keil 1999<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures from the Collection of the Russian Museum </u>by K V Mikhailova and G V Smirnov 1974<br /><u>Portrait Miniatures in the Collection of the State Pushkin Museum Moscow</u> by Lydia Karnaukhova 1997<br /><u>Portrait Miniature in Russia XVIII-early XX Century from the Hermiage Collection</u> by G N Komelova and G A Printseva 1986<br /><u>Portrait Miniature in Russia XVIII-XIX Centuries Historical Museum Moscow</u>by T A Selinova 1988<br /><u> Portraits des Maisons Royales et Imperiales de France et d'Europe </u> by Nicole Garnier-Pelle, Nathalie Lemoine-Bouchard, and Bernd Pappe<br /><u>The Miniature in Europe in The 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Centuries </u>by Leo R. Schidlof 1964<br /><u>The Portrait Miniatures in the Collections of the House of Orange-Nassau </u>by Karen Schaffers-Bodenhausen 1993<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Online Articles</span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/4aa/4aa376.htm" target="_blank"><i><u>From Hand to Heart: The Art of the American Miniature Portrait</u></i><u> by Peter J. Baldaia<br /></u></a><a href="http://www.common-place.org/vol-03/no-02/lessons/" target="_blank"><i>Object Lessons: Miniature Worlds</i> by Catherine Kelly</a><br /><a href="http://www.common-place.org/vol-04/no-01/lessons/" target="_blank"><i><u>Self-Fashioning in Sarah Goodridge’s Self-Portraits</u></i><u> by Chris Packard</u></a><br /><a href="http://www.easthamptonlibrary.org/lic/lectures/natalienaylor.htm" target="_blank"><i><u>The Legacy of Nathaniel Rogers (1787-1844),</u></i><u> by Natalie A. Naylor</u></a><br /><a href="http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1026/is_5_164/ai_111185594" target="_blank"><i><u>John Wood Dodge and the Portrait Miniature, The Magazine Antiques, November 2003,</u></i><u> by Raymond White</u></a><br /><a href="http://www.ourbigcountry.com/p/articles/mi_m1026/is_5_166/ai_n7586609?pi=obc" target="_blank"><i><u>The Art of John Henry Brown, The Magazine Antiques, November 2004,</u></i><u> by Anne Verplanck</u></a><br /><a href="http://www.ourbigcountry.com/p/articles/mi_m1026/is_2_161/ai_82782192" target="_blank"><i><u>Portraits in Miniature: Anna Claypoole Peale and Caroline Schetky, The Magazine Antiques, February 2002,</u></i><u> by Anne Sue Hirshorn</u></a><br /><a href="http://www.ourbigcountry.com/p/articles/mi_m1026/is_5_162/ai_94079261" target="_blank"><i><u>Moses B. Russell: Yankee Miniaturist, The Magazine Antiques, November 2002 ,</u></i><u> by Randall L. Holton, Charles A. Gilday</u></a><br /><a href="http://www.ourbigcountry.com/p/articles/mi_m1026/is_n5_v146/ai_16453900" target="_blank"><i><u>The Portrait Miniatures of Eulabee Dix: Watercolor Painter, The Magazine Antiques, November 1994,</u></i><u> by Anne Sue Hirshorn</u></a><br /><a href="http://www.ourbigcountry.com/p/articles/mi_m1026/is_5_154/ai_53272529" target="_blank"><i><u>John O'Brien Inman: American Artist, The Magazine Antiques, November 1998,</u></i><u> by Carolyn B. Wilkinson</u></a><br /><a href="http://www.ourbigcountry.com/p/articles/mi_m1026/is_6_156/ai_58468287" target="_blank"><i><u>Mrs. Moses B. Russell, Boston Miniaturist: Bibliography, The Magazine Antiques, December 1999,</u></i><u> by Randall L. Holton, Charles A. Gilday</u></a><br /><a href="http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/3aa/3aa285.htm" target="_blank"><i><u>An Art in Living: Lucy May Stanton,</u></i><u> by Betty Alice Fowler</u></a><br /><a href="http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/send-pdf.cgi?ohiou1080666457" target="_blank"><i><u>Dismissed Yet Disarming: The Portrait Miniature Revival, 1890-1930,</u></i><u> Maryann Sudnick Gunderson, November 2003</u></a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Other Reference Books</span><br /><br /><u>Fashions in Hair</u> by Richard Corson 1995Don Sheltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01981381449429373197noreply@blogger.com0